1995; Beatty et al., 2000; Davies et al., 2005; Fein et al., 2006; Oscar-Berman et al., 2009). For example, Davies et al. (2005) reported no differences between alcoholics and controls on prorated Full Scale IQ scores, but alcoholics performed worse on Vocabulary and Digit Symbol subtests. Stavro et al. (2012) found only a minimal impairment in general intelligence in a meta-analysis of 62 studies examining cognitive abilities in alcoholism. However, they did find moderate impairments across 11 separate cognitive functions: verbal fluency/language, speed of processing, working memory, attention, problem solving/executive functions, inhibition/impulsivity, verbal learning, verbal memory, visual learning, visual memory, and visuospatial abilities. The meta-analysis indicated that the levels of impairment for the separate areas of dysfunction remained impaired after one year of sobriety. Importantly, the study stressed the need to examine the distinct component processes that contribute to general abilities and intelligence.
