We first performed ancestry-group-specific GWAS meta-analyses of 173 studies of EUR, 56 studies of EAS, 29 studies of AFR, 11 studies of HIS and 12 studies of SAS. Meta-analyses within ancestry groups were performed as described before19,20 using a modified version of RAREMETAL55 (v.4.15.1), which accounts for multi-allelic variants in the data. Study-specific GWASs are described in Supplementary Tables 1–3. Details about imputation procedures implemented by each study are also given in Supplementary Table 2. We kept in our analyses SNPs with an imputation accuracy (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${r}_{{\rm{INFO}}}^{2}$$\end{document}rINFO2) > 0.3, Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) P value (PHWE) > 10−8 and a minor allele count (MAC) > 5 in each study. Next, we performed a fixed-effect inverse variance weighted meta-analysis of summary statistics from all five ancestry groups GWAS meta-analysis using a custom R script using the R package meta (see ‘URLs’ section).
