by multiplying the raw value by λ. Results for the top 1000 associations for each trait can be found in Supplemental Table 1. With the inclusion of the rs671 genotype as a covariate, there were no significant associations with any other loci, consistent with ALDH2 mediating a substantial proportion of the variation in Chinese males for all of these phenotypes. rs671 explains 7.9% of the variation in AD (17.2% of the genetic variation), 22.9% (47.0%) in maximum drinks, and 29.2% (62.0%) in flushing response in this sample. However, since these estimates were calculated in the discovery sample, they are likely to be inflated due to the so-called “winner’s curse” (Göring et al. 2001). Although known functional mutation rs671 was found to be significantly associated with all phenotypes under consideration, rs1229984 in ADH1B was not significantly associated (p > 0.1) with any phenotype.
