Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires to assess past and current experiences and behavior. For the present analyses, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: Short Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein et al., 2003) was used to measure ELS. The CTQ-SF is a 28-item, retrospective screening tool used to detect the occurrence and frequency of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, as well as emotional and physical neglect before the age of 17. The CTQ has high test-retest reliability (i.e., coefficients ranging from .79 to .86; Bernstein & Fink, 1998) and internal consistency (i.e., coefficients ranging from .66 to .92; Bernstein & Fink, 1998; Scher, Stein, Mccrearyp, & Forde, 2001), and it correlates with both a clinician-rated interview of childhood abuse and independent therapists' ratings of abuse (Bernstein & Fink, 1998; Bernstein et al., 2003). Though a sexual abuse subscore was available, only 3.8% (n = 12) of the final sample reported any form of sexual abuse. As such, an aggregate score of all CTQ-SF questions was used as an index of ELS. As in CATS, this measure was log-transformed to reduce skew (log-transformed: M
