To our knowledge, this is the first report of young adult mouse brain MRI following adolescent binge treatment. We found reduced olfactory bulb and basal forebrain volume. Alcoholics have persistent olfactory deficits (Kesslak et al., 1991; Rupp et al., 2003), associated with loss of brain volume and ventricular expansion (Shear et al., 1992). We found a 4-10% volume reduction across basal forebrain regions, comparable in magnitude to human MRI brain regional volume reductions in alcohol use disorder (Makris et al., 2008; Sullivan et al., 2005). Human MRI medial septal/diagonal band volume is negatively correlated with age in alcoholic individuals, with volume reductions being associated with deficits in verbal working memory (Sullivan et al., 2005). Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons project to frontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. These neurons modulate information processing, allowing contextual associated information to exist concurrently in memory with little interference to facilitate reversal plasticity. Proactive interference, previous learning disrupting later learning, is minimized by forebrain acetylcholine. Human fMRI shows basal forebrain activation during resolution of proactive interference tasks in normal individuals but not in alcoholics (De Rosa et
