et al., 1987). Severity of manic symptoms has been found to correlate with noradrenaline metabolite concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (Swann et al., 1987) and various laboratory measures of impulsivity (Swann et al., 2001). Stimulation of noradrenaline release by the nonselective α-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, also increases laboratory-measured impulsivity in the form of errors of commission during an adapted continuous performance test in healthy controls (Swann et al., 2005a). Atomoxetine may also reduce impulsive behaviors in the form of choices of smaller, sooner rewards in delayed discounting (Bari et al., 2009).
