For AUDIT-C score, gene-based association analyses identify 31 genes in EAs that are GWS (p < 2.69 × 10−6), 3 in AAs, 1 in LAs, and 2 in EAAs (Supplementary Fig. 13), including many of the loci in the SNP-based analyses for that trait. The unique genes in EAs include C4orf17, ZNF512, MTTP, TBCK, and MCC. For AUDIT-C, the loci that were not GWS in the SNP-based analyses included EIF4E in AAs, MAP2 in LAs, and LOX and MYL2 in EAAs.