delta, respectively). On the other hand, within the P300 window (250–602 ms; in which the polarity of theta is predominantly positive), theta increases for Loss and delta increases for Gain both translate into increased positive TD signal amplitude, yielding a negligible net Gain-Loss difference (t[148] = 1.22, ns; see Figure 2). The TF energy measures do not suffer from this complication, because all increases in energy are represented in unipolar fashion—as increased positive numbers (i.e., no polarity).
