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Chunk #17 — MATERIALS AND METHODS — Electrophysiology analysis — Sodium and potassium currents

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Neurons derived from patients with bipolar disorder divide into intrinsically different sub-populations of neurons, predicting the patients' responsiveness to lithium.
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The sodium and potassium currents were acquired in voltage clamp mode. Cells were held at −60 mV, and voltage steps of 400 ms were made in the range of −90 to 80 mV. Currents were generally normalized by the cell capacitance. In the Li measurements, no normalization was performed, because of the large change in cell capacitance caused by the Li treatment.