ever have strong cravings to use tobacco?” (yes/no), “Have you ever felt like you really needed to use tobacco?” (yes/no), and seven items adapted from the B-WISDM. For these items, respondents indicated on a 5-point Likert scale (from “not true of me at all” to “extremely true of me”) their level of agreement for each of the following statements: “I frequently crave tobacco,” “My tobacco use is out of control,” “Using tobacco really helps me feel better if I’ve been feeling down,” “Using tobacco helps me think better,” “I would feel alone without my tobacco,” and “I usually want to use tobacco right after I wake up.” Recent analyses reported by Strong et al. Strong (Strong et al., 2018) supports the psychometric validity of the nicotine dependence measure among adolescent and adult users in the PATH Study. Youth fill out the RAPI, MPI, DPI and Nicotine Dependence Severity questionnaires if they heard of each substance and have used each substance two or more occasions in the past 6 months. This threshold increases to three or more occasions if a participant is 12 years of age or older. It is also important to note that the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders
