we will first discuss the pertinent factors to consider when designing a study of PNEE followed by a breakdown of each of the animal models, with the major strengths and limitations of each method considered. It is important to note that we have limited our discussion of animal models to simple systems (C. elegans, Xenopus, and zebrafish) and more sophisticated rodent and non-human primate models. There is also FASD research being conducted using chicken (58) and sheep (59–62) models, however, because there is little behavioral analysis using these models we have omitted them from our review.
