In two supervised studies [22], [42], disulfiram was not different from controls. In the Ulrichsen et al study, the authors attributed this to a small sample size in conjunction with a probable bias of selection. Of the 158 patients who refused to participate, 63 of them refused because they wanted to be treated with disulfiram. This may have resulted in a less than average level of motivation in the sample. In addition, 67% and 41% of the control (no disulfiram) and disulfiram groups, respectively, completed the cognitive behavior therapy sessions, suggesting lower motivation in the disulfiram group. In the Bardeleben et al study, while the number of abstinent days was the same for the three groups, the time to first drink was significantly longer in the disulfiram group compared to the naltrexone and acamprosate groups.
