Disulfiram efficacy in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a meta-analysis.

This is a PRISMA-style flowchart detailing the study selection process for a meta-analysis. It shows the progression from 316 initial records (313 from systematic searches and 3 from hand searches) to 216 unique studies after removing 100 duplicates. Following the exclusion of 193 studies for specific reasons (e.g., non-efficacy, non-alcohol studies) and one study due to insufficient data, a final total of 22 studies met the criteria for inclusion.

This figure is a forest plot presenting a meta-analysis of Hedges' g effect sizes from multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing disulfiram to control groups. The plot lists individual study names with their corresponding effect sizes, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values, with a red diamond at the bottom representing the pooled aggregate effect. Most individual study markers and the overall summary diamond are positioned to the right of the zero line, indicating a general trend toward greater efficacy for disulfiram.

This is a forest plot presenting a meta-analysis of Hedges' g effect sizes comparing disulfiram to controls, stratified by study design (blinded vs. open-label RCTs). The blinded group shows a pooled effect size near zero with a confidence interval crossing the line of null effect, while the open-label group shows a pooled effect size shifted toward disulfiram with a statistically significant p-value of 0.000. Individual study effect sizes and their 95% confidence intervals are plotted for both subgroups, with red diamonds representing the overall pooled estimates.

This is a forest plot presenting a meta-analysis of Hedges' g effect sizes comparing disulfiram versus controls, stratified by supervision status. The "Supervision" group shows a consistent trend toward the right (disulfiram), with a summary diamond indicating a statistically significant positive effect size. In contrast, the "No supervision" group shows more varied results with a summary diamond closer to the zero line, indicating lower efficacy.

This is a forest plot presenting a meta-analysis of Hedges' g effect sizes comparing disulfiram to controls in RCTs, stratified by the presence of cocaine use. The "Cocaine RCT" group shows a higher pooled effect size (diamond) favoring disulfiram compared to the "Non cocaine RCT" group. Individual study data include Hedges' g, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values, with the x-axis ranging from -4.00 to 4.00.

This is a forest plot showing a subgroup analysis of Hedges' g effect sizes comparing the efficacy of disulfiram against various control types (Acamprosate, Olanzapine, Naltrexone, no disulfiram, and Topiramate). Most individual study markers and subgroup diamonds are positioned to the right of the zero line, indicating a general trend toward greater efficacy for disulfiram. The x-axis represents the effect size ranging from -4.00 to 4.00, with specific columns providing the Hedges' g value, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values for each study.

This is a forest plot representing a meta-analysis of adverse event rate ratios comparing control groups to disulfiram-treated patients across 16 studies. The x-axis shows the rate ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with a vertical line at 1 indicating no difference between groups. The overall pooled effect, represented by the red diamond, is positioned to the right of the line (Rate Ratio: 1.402, p=0.042), indicating a statistically significant increase in adverse events for the disulfiram group.