We applied genomic structural equation modeling (Genomic SEM) to summary statistics from GWAS on multiple forms of externalizing for which large samples were available10. We posited that applying this multivariate approach would lead to identification of genetic variants associated with a broad array of externalizing phenotypes, and with related behavioral, social, and medical outcomes that were not directly included in our GWAS. This approach was grounded in the literature showing shared genetic liability across numerous externalizing disorders and with non-psychiatric variation in externalizing behavior5,11.
