Using these data, a 3-(adiponectin, α-2-macroglobulin, and complement component 3) and a 14-(CD40, chemokine ligand 5, factor VII, IgE, IGF-1, IL-2, IL-7, CCL3, CCL4, MMP2, kallikrein-related peptidase 3, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, thrombopoietin and VEGFA) plasma protein biomarker panels that showed 100% sensitivity and 88% accuracy of ethanol consumption were developed (Freeman, Salzberg et al. 2010). The same self-administration macaque model also showed that male animals that drank in moderation (1.975g/kg/day) had slightly elevated plasma levels of IL-2, IL-15, IL-12, TNF-α, Regulated on Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES), and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) compared to heavy drinkers and controls (Messaoudi, Asquith et al. 2013). These observations could explain why animals drinking moderately generated a more robust response to MVA vaccination compared to controls and animals that drank to intoxication since these factors are critical for lymphocyte proliferation, T cell activation and effector function, and immune cell recruitment.
