Let bjr (j = 1,…, J; r = 1,…, R) denote the true value of effect j in condition r. Further, let b^jr denote the “observed” estimate of this effect, and let s^jr be the standard error of this estimate, so zjr:= b^jr/s^jr is the standard Z statistic used to test whether bjr is zero. Let B, B^, S and Z denote the corresponding J × R matrices, and let bj (respectively, b^j, zj) denote the jth row of B (respectively, B^ , Z).
