We evaluated the structural model for fathers in a similar fashion. The initial baseline was identical to that tested initially for mothers (see Fig. 1). Results indicated that for fathers this baseline model did not adequately fit the data: χ2 (9)=58.04, p=.00, RMSEA=.17, CFI=.88, TLI=.51, SRMR=.06. Although we hypothesized that marital satisfaction would mediate the association between paternal alcoholism and warm/sensitive parenting, it was possible that paternal alcoholism would still have a direct effect on maternal parenting behavior, which is consistent with theoretical formulations of the etiology of alcoholism and prior research. Thus, similar to the models tested for mothers, we added a direct path from alcohol group status at 12 months to warmth/sensitivity at 36 months. There was a significant improvement in model fit: χ2difference (1)=8.41, p<.05, although several of the overall fit indices were still inadequate (RMSEA=.16; CFI=.90; TLI=.51). Modification indices suggested the addition of a direct path from marital satisfaction at 12 months to marital satisfaction at 36 months. The addition of this path (and the deletion of the following non-significant paths: from marital satisfaction at 12
