Finally, our analyses according to educational level show that the relative-risk estimates associated with current and former smoking among smokers with only a high-school education are generally similar to or larger than those among smokers who are college graduates. Only among male current smokers were the relative-risk estimates for ischemic and other heart disease significantly lower in the least-educated group. Hence, the relative-risk estimates presented here will in general correspond to those in a less-educated population. Similarly, differences in the time when information on smoking was obtained in the contemporary cohorts will not appreciably affect the results.
