Bipolar disorder patients were hospitalized with acute manic episodes (4 met criteria for mixed episode) and schizophrenia patients hospitalized with acute psychosis (7 met criteria for schizoaffective disorder, not currently in a mood episode). The symptom scale scores were PANSS: 58.6 ± 12.6, YMRS: 24.3 ± 7, MADRS: 11 ± 4 for the bipolar disorder group and PANSS: 84.3 ± 19.2, YMRS: 14.4 ± 9.1, and MADRS: 18.3 ± 7.7 for the schizophrenia group. Every bipolar disorder patient was taking lithium or anticonvulsant, and an antipsychotic at scan time, while all schizophrenia patients were taking an antipsychotic and 6 out of 14 were taking lithium or an anticonvulsant. Chlorpromazine equivalents of antipsychotic medication doses were 290.2 ± 182.4 for bipolar disorder and 497.6 ± 404.3 for schizophrenia groups.
