Seventeen subjects with bipolar disorder (9M/8F, age 34.4 ± 12, age of onset 22.8 ± 8.7), fourteen with schizophrenia (8M/6F, age 42.3 ± 9.5, age of onset 22.3 ± 5.9) recruited from inpatient units at an academic psychiatric hospital, and fifteen healthy control subjects (9M/6F, age 37.9 ± 9.5) were included in this study. Demographic differences between groups were not statistically significant (Age: F(44,2)=3.09, p=0.06; gender: χ2=0.165, p=0.92). Diagnosis was determined using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV (SCID) (First et al., 1995). Patients were assessed on the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), as well as the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). One bipolar disorder patient was assessed clinically and using chart review only. The main analyses below were also repeated using age as covariate. The pattern of findings was similar (e.g. in anterior cingulate and parietal cortices) although details of cluster size and z-score coordinates varied somewhat.
