While the development of effective, individual components demonstrated to address a single core feature of addiction (e.g., attentional bias, craving, delay discounting) may have limited impact if delivered alone, it has the potential to lead to strategies that allow us to more efficiently tailor treatments for complex and heterogeneous disorders like the addictions. Thus, individual “A’ who is impulsive and discounts future rewards might receive a version of CBT that contains components addressing problem solving, working memory, decision making skills, and cognitive control training, while individual ‘B’, who is depressed and concerned with craving for cocaine, might receive a set of components focusing primarily on attentional bias training, affect tolerance, challenging cognitions, and even modules from computerized CBT for depression.
