Development of maximally potent, optimized treatment components tailored for specific individuals would require a different approach to assessment, one that is more closely linked to core features of addiction. The Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA), a new neuroscience-based framework for assessment, identified three core functional domains relevant to defining meaningful subtypes of individuals with addictive disorders (including behavioral addictions) and functional outcomes: executive functioning, negative emotionality, and incentive salience (Kwako, Momenan, Litten, Koob, & Goldman, 2016). Although aspects of ANA will require data-driven refinement over many years, it is an exciting starting point and highly useful heuristic framework for developing interventions better linked to and informed by neuroscience and cognitive science (DeVito, Carroll, & Sofuoglu, 2016).
