More recently, studies have begun to integrate brain stimulation techniques with some of the more advanced network analysis techniques, including resting-state network analysis and graph theoretical analysis. For example default-mode network activity was assessed after sham and real low-frequency rTMS to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (van der Werf et al., 2010). The authors demonstrated that real rTMS decreased the default-mode network activity in the lateral temporal cortices and bilateral hippocampi as compared to sham, while increasing activity in the right caudate nucleus. Another recent study (Eldaief et al., 2011) demonstrated the ability of brain stimulation techniques to inform the results of these new neuroimaging network analysis techniques. rTMS at low and high frequencies was applied at low and high frequencies (on separate days) to the left inferior parietal lobule, an integral component of the default mode network, to study the effect on functional connectivity with the other elements of the default mode network. Following low-frequency (1 Hz) stimulation, functional connectivity between the targeted region and the bilateral hippocampal formations was significantly increased. However, following high-frequency stimulation, functional connectivity with the hippocampal
