SUDs (Kuhn et al. 2013; Munte et al. 2013). Although electrophysiological measures do not have any direct role in this neurosurgical procedure, per se, they can aid in followup and maintenance of cognitive functioning in patients with DBS. For example, Kuhn and colleagues (2011) assessed cognitive control using psychometric and electrophysiological measures in severely alcohol-dependent patients who recently had undergone DBS procedures for addiction treatment and found that DBS drastically reduced addictive behavior and craving. Further, error-related negativity, an electrophysiological marker of error processing linked to anterior mid-cingulate cortex functioning, was altered after the DBS surgery, an effect that could be reversed by periods without stimulation. This case illustrates the utility of electrophysiological measures to aid in the follow-up treatment in DBS. Fins and Shapiro (2014) suggest that brain-mapping methods may advance the potential applications of DBS in the perspective of personalized medicine. However, further electrophysiological research is warranted to understand and optimize the effectiveness and outcome of this potentially promising method.
