Another potential area for the application of electrophysiological measures in the treatment of addiction is DBS (Kuhn et al. 2011, 2013; Voges et al. 2013). DBS involves electrical stimulation of high-frequency electrodes surgically placed in one or more specific brain region(s), including the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus, the subthalamic nucleus, and the internal segment of the globus pallidus. This technique is aimed at ameliorating the symptoms of movements, cognition, and emotions in several neuropsychiatric conditions (Luigjes et al. 2013; Perlmutter and Mink 2006). As a result of its successful application and approval for several neurological disorders, DBS is thought to be a powerful tool for modulating dysregulated networks and also has been considered for treating substance addiction (cf. Kuhn et al. 2013). DBS is a surgical procedure performed in the treatment/rehabilitation of some neurological conditions (Lyons 2011) and SUDs (Kuhn et al. 2013; Munte et al. 2013). Although electrophysiological measures do not have any direct role in this neurosurgical procedure, per se, they can aid in followup and maintenance of cognitive functioning in patients with DBS. For example,
