Family economic context differed across family structures. Maternal education levels were highest in two biological parent married families where 28% of mothers had a college degree, followed by married stepfamilies (22%), single-mother families (19%), and finally cohabiting stepfamilies (15%). A similar pattern was observed for family income, although levels were slightly higher in cohabiting stepfamilies than single-mother families, presumably reflecting the availability of two earners in the former group. Family structure variation in maternal socialization was modest. Adolescents in two biological married parent families, married stepfamilies, and single-mother families reported average maternal support levels ranging from 17.2 to 17.4. The average level of support reported by those in cohabiting stepfamilies was somewhat lower at 16.7. Maternal control differed little by family structure, ranging from 1.8 to 2.0, on average. Maternal modeling varied considerably across family structures, consistent with the pattern of adolescent smoking and drinking described above. About 22% of mothers in two biological married parents smoked versus 55% of mothers in cohabiting stepfamilies. About 42% of mothers in both married stepfamilies and single-mother families smoked. Similarly, 12% of mothers
