Offspring ever smoking (OR=1.78; 95%CI:1.31–2.39), regular smoking (OR=3.08; 95%CI: 2.03–4.68) and offspring ND (OR=5.04; 95%CI: 3.05–8.33) were all significantly associated with perception of the number of friends who smoke. The magnitude of association between friend smoking and offspring ever smoking, regular smoking and ND increased as the number of perceived friends who smoked increased. Of note, if offspring perceived a quarter or more of their friends smoked the odds of ND was 32.0 (95%CI:18.1–56.6) times greater than perceiving no friends smoked.
