These results suggest that different genetic factors may exist for individuals with PTSD and increased alcohol consumption and for individuals with PTSD and alcohol-related problems. These results are also consistent with the very small amount of work conducted examining genetic associations between PTSD and alcohol use. Specifically, a paper by our group employing Mendelian Randomization (MR) as the primary method also found in secondary analyses using LDSC a non-significant genetic association between PTSD and DPW among those of EA (Bountress et al., 2021). Additionally, a similar trend has been observed with other psychiatric disorders in terms of the genetic association between alcohol consumption v. alcohol-related problems phenotypes, specifically major depressive disorder, which has substantial genetic overlap with PTSD (Polimanti et al., 2019; Sanchez-Roige et al., 2019b; Walters et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2020a). These authors observed positive genetic correlations between major depression and alcohol dependence. However, they also observed negative genetic correlations between major depression and frequency of alcohol consumption. Further, the same trend in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was observed such that problematic drinking was positively genetically correlated with
