Individuals who were dependent on an abused substance were identified by DSM criteria, except for nicotine dependence which was based on FTND criteria. Eighty substance dependent individuals were identified. These individuals were matched for gender and age to eighty control individuals. These control individuals were East Baltimore ECA participants who never used any illegal drugs more then 5 times in their lives, were not dependent on any drug or alcohol, drank less than one drink per day (waves 3 and 4) drank less than 5 drinks/week (waves 1 and 2) and had FTND scores < 7. Generation and analyses of these data were approved by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health IRB and exempt protocols for pooled genotyping approved by the NIH Office of Human Research Subject Protection.
