Separate analyses showed no significant interactions between parental AUD and OPD with respect to offspring AUD (neither in analyses of the full sample nor in analyses stratified by offspring gender). This was further investigated in an analysis based on a reduced sample that only included offspring of parents without OPD (n = 5282). In this analysis, the risks associated with parental AUD were slightly higher than those obtained for model 3 in table 3. In a model including gender and parental social status, the risks were 2.25 (95% CI 1.22-4.14) and 2.32 (95% CI 1.63-3.30) for maternal and paternal AUD, respectively.