We further analysed the interaction of offspring gender with the following independent variables: maternal AUD, paternal AUD, maternal OPD, and paternal OPD in models that, in addition to offspring gender and parental social status, included all four parental diagnostic categories. With respect to offspring AUD, the interaction between paternal AUD and offspring gender was significant (p = 0.02), while the interaction between offspring gender and maternal AUD was approaching significance (p = 0.07). Table 4 shows regression analyses of AUD stratified by gender. Among the 3627 men, both maternal and paternal AUD was associated with significantly increased risk (odds ratios 1.65-1.66), but these effects were stronger among the 3550 females (odds ratios 2.53-2.73). Thus, the data suggest a relatively stronger effect of parental AUD in females compared with males. The interactions between offspring gender and parental OPD were not significant, but table 4 also shows higher odds ratios for parental OPD for female offspring.
