Currently, a solution that receives great support involves including language in the consent form warning potential research subjects that they will lose control and ownership over their samples and data, and that reidentification is possible. In addition, there are movements to educate the public about the benefits of genomic research (Green et al., 2011). These mechanisms, however, will not protect the family members of research participants who are indirectly linked with research results, prevent the stigmatization of communities and the community members whose DNA samples were collected in one jurisdiction and insufficiently secured in another, or adequately buffer the damaging impact that high profile privacy breaches may have on research. Community engagement helps to educate potential research subjects in a culturally competent manner about the risks and benefits of participation in genetic research, but to be truly effective, sound mechanisms that support fair negotiation among researchers from different nations and that hold violators accountable must be in place.
