Table 1 shows a stronger association between offspring AUD and OPD in mothers than in fathers, but in the fully adjusted model, the risk of AUD was similar for offspring with maternal AUD and offspring with paternal AUD, while analyses adjusting only for offspring gender and parental social status showed a higher risk associated with maternal AUD. Thus, the present data cannot conclusively define the relative role of mother's vs. father's AUD on offspring AUD.