refer to any condition that results from PNEE. This term encompasses children who exhibit varying degrees of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction including alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) and alcohol-related neurological disorders (ARND) that result from PNEE. These conditions often lack the facial dysmorphology needed to meet the diagnostic criteria for FAS, but are never-the-less the result of exposure to this teratogen during development (2, 6).
