Findings have implications for intervention policy and research. First, previously unobservable contours in children’s likelihood of responding to a treatment may be revealed through genetic analysis of intervention trials. Fast Track was a 10-year multi-level intervention program delivering services to high-risk children and their families through direct contact and via school-based programming. A formal economic evaluation of Fast Track estimated the total cost of the 10-year intervention at $58,000 per child (Foster, Jones, & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group [CPPRG], 2006). Targeting these resources at those children most likely to benefit is therefore a priority. Second, genetic prediction of treatment response in the case of complex behavioral interventions such as Fast Track is far from ready for prime time. But proof of concept now exists. Efforts are needed to develop data resources that can support genome-wide investigations of gene-by-intervention interactions. Third, ethical, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of genetic or other biological information to target complex behavioral interventions should receive increasing attention. In addition, our findings further highlight the now established principle that genetic influences on the development
