dementia.48, 49 Turning to conscientiousness, most of the facets were associated with reduced risk of AD. The strongest effect was observed for self-discipline, a measure of motivation, persistence, and ability to achieve a goal despite distractions, boredom, or difficulties. This impulsivity-related trait plays an important role in health-risk behaviors and outcomes,8, 9 and might be related to AD through a number of the direct and indirect pathways discussed above.
