Personality and risk of Alzheimer's disease: new data and meta-analysis.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Terracciano, Antonio; Sutin, Angelina R; An, Yang; O'Brien, Richard J; Ferrucci, Luigi; Zonderman, Alan B; Resnick, Susan M
- Year
- 2014
- Journal
- Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
- PMID
- 23706517
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.03.002
- PMCID
- PMC3783589
BACKGROUND: We examine whether broad factors and specific facets of personality are associated with increased risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a long-run longitudinal study and a meta-analysis of published studies. METHODS: Participants (n = 1671) were monitored for up to 22 years from a baseline personality assessment. The meta-analysis pooled results from up to five prospective studies (n = 5054). RESULTS: Individuals with scores in the top quartile of neuroticism (hazard ratio = 3.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.6-6.0) or the lowest quartile of conscientiousness (hazard ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.4-7.4) had a threefold increased risk of incident AD. Among the components of these traits, self-discipline and depression had the strongest associations with incident AD. The meta-analysis confirmed the associations of neuroticism (P = 2 × 10(-9)) and conscientiousness (P = 2 × 10(-6)), along with weaker effects for openness and agreeableness (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The current study and meta-analysis indicate that personality traits are associated with increased risk of AD, with effect sizes similar to those of well-established clinical and lifestyle risk factors.
Cumulative hazard of incident AD clinical dementia associated with the low 25% and high 25% on neuroticism and conscientiousness, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and education. The group with average scores (25% to 75%) were included in the analyses but are not shown in the figure. For neuroticism, the low 25% N = 405, the high 25% N = 436. For conscientiousness, the low 25% N = 422, the high 25% N = 393.
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