Caspi and colleagues’ influential examinations (Caspi et al. 2002; Caspi et al. 2003) of other psychiatric disorders have stimulated more recent investigations of genotype × environment (G × E) interactions targeting alcohol-related phenotypes (Blomeyer et al. 2008; Kaufman et al. 2007; Covault et al. 2007; Armeli et al. 2008; Ducci et al. 2008; van der Zwaluw et al. 2009). These studies have focused on environmental covariates occurring during important periods of brain development [physical abuse, childhood sexual abuse (CSA) (Kaufman et al. 2007; Ducci et al. 2008)] or acquisition of risky drinking patterns [parental rule-setting (van der Zwaluw et al. 2009), negative life events during adolescence (Blomeyer et al. 2008) or college (Covault et al. 2007; Armeli et al. 2008)].
