Community cohesion was assessed using the Community Survey [35], a 13-item measure administered to primary caregivers. Items (e.g., “I regularly stop and talk with people in my neighborhood,” “I feel loyal to the people in my neighborhood”) are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree) and summed, with higher scores reflecting higher degree of cohesion. Alphas ranged from 0.91–0.92.
