Neighborhood physical disorder was indexed with 6 items from the Interviewer Impressions of the Neighborhood [36], a 25-question measure on which study interviewers record their observations of a range of neighborhood factors, primarily physical appearance of the neighborhood. Observations of graffiti, vacant buildings, abandoned cars, liquor bottles, cigarette butts, and other litter were dichotomously coded and summed, with higher scores reflecting a higher degree of disorder. Alphas ranged from 0.71–0.75.
