Addressing NCDs in countries at all levels of development is now seen as important in ensuring the achievement of MDGs [47]. The way forward is to take concerted and inclusive actions to address the common causes of the most prevalent NCDs. Given the overwhelming evidence that alcohol is a major risk factor for NCDs, attention must now be directed towards addressing the drivers of alcohol use, especially of heavy use, and particularly those drivers operating at the social and environmental level using strategies that have been shown to have a high probability of having an impact.
