DAT genotyping occurred in 265 individuals and 113 individuals had at least one 9 VNTR (43%) while 152 individuals had a 10/10 VNTR genotype (57%) consistent with other reports (Van der Zwaluw et al., 2009). Genotype frequency did not deviate from HWE (X2(2)=2.66, p=.26). For randomized individuals (N=83) the frequency of the OPRM1 by DAT genotype combinations were as follows: asp40 OPRM1/at least one 9 DAT VNTR (n=19), asp40 OPRM1/10,10 DAT VNTR (n=24), asn40asn OPRM1/at least one 9 DAT VNTR (n=11) and asn40asn OPRM1/10,10 DAT VNTR (n=29). Figure one shows the distribution (n) of these variants among medication groups.