attributable to measured risk factors (23·0% [20·1–25·9] for low back and neck pain and 13·8% [12·4–15·4] for sense organ diseases). Across all cancers, 42·1% (38·9–45·3) of deaths and 39·8% (36·8–42·8) of DALYs are attributable to measured risk factors; however, there is a very large range within cancers, from cervical cancer at 100% of deaths attributable to risk factors and lung cancer at 84·08% (78·9–88·3) of deaths attributable to risk factors to several cancers at nearly zero, such as brain cancer.