Our sample consisted of 5212 participants (1993 men [38.2%]; mean [SD] age, 54.8 [16.9] years; 3308 White [63.5%]), with baseline characteristics depicted in Table 1. Of all participants, 468 (9.0%) were prescribed both opioids and benzodiazepines, 1256 (24.1%) were prescribed benzodiazepines only, and 1955 (37.5%) were prescribed opioids only. A total of 1533 individuals (29.4%) had a prescription for neither opioids nor benzodiazepines but were taking SSRIs. In comparison with the SSRI group, those receiving benzodiazepine-opioid coprescriptions tended to be older (mean [SD] age, 56.1 [14.0] vs 53.8 [17.1] years), be male (171 [36.5%] vs 483 [31.5%]), and have a lower income (poverty to income ratio >2, 159 [34.0%] vs 837 [54.6%]), with a higher prevalence of smoking (183 [39.1%] vs 341 [22.2%]), disability (311 [66.5%] vs 447 [29.2%]), worsening health (155 [33.1%] vs 229 [14.9%]), hospitalization in the last year (159 [34.0%] vs 278 [18.1%]), and prescription medication use across both CNS and non-CNS medications, paralleling a higher prevalence of these characteristics in absolute standardized differences seen in eTable 2 in the Supplement. We used an absolute standardized difference
