contemporary study found that three polymorphisms of Gad1, but no polymorphisms of Gad2, were significantly associated with alcohol dependence in Han Taiwanese men.198 In a recent genome-wide DNA methylation study, it was reported that methylation of Gad1 is significantly associated with alcohol dependence in a cohort of Han Chinese men, suggesting epigenetic effects of chronic alcohol abuse.199 These results indicate that polymorphisms in Gad1 are significantly associated with alcohol dependence, or related phenotypes, in multiple populations around the world.
