interpretation. We consider childhood adversity as the moderator of the ADH1B-rs1229984/alcohol phenotype relationships (and not the opposite) to integrate these findings into two literatures. The first is the gene-environment interaction literature, which typically examines the environmental moderation of a genetic effect (Brody et al., 2007, Kaufman et al., 2006, Madrid et al., 2001, Dick et al., 2011, van der Zwaluw CS et al., 2012). The second literature is the stress sensitization literature, which suggests that early stress may heighten sensitivity to other risk factors, including genetic predispositions (Enoch, 2011; Zhang et al., 2013). Therefore, this study examines the effect of ADH1B-rs1229984 on alcohol phenotypes in the presence or absence of childhood adversity, for interpretability in this context.
