The criteria for nicotine dependence in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (i.e. the DSM-IV; [6]) have also been the focus of recent study (e.g. [7,8]), and it has been suggested that these criteria be considered for modification in the upcoming DSM-V (e.g. [9]). Indeed, evidence for the validity of the DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence is limited (see [1]). The DSM-IV diagnosis of nicotine dependence requires the presence of at least three of the following seven criteria during the past year: (i) tolerance; (ii) withdrawal; (iii) using more than intended; (iv) difficulty controlling use; (v) spending a great deal of time (obtaining or using nicotine); (vi) giving up activities; and (vii) use despite harm.
