Measures of tobacco dependence have failed to demonstrate the expected relationships with important smoking-related criteria (see [1]). As a result, researchers have attempted to refine the conceptualization and measurement of this concept. Over the past 6 years several new measures have emerged, including the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC; [2]), the Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS; [3]), the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS; [4]) and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68; [5]). It is hoped that these newer tools will reconcile the theoretical importance of the tobacco dependence construct with its modest empirical support.
