When we examined the most significantly enriched modules for ancestry-associated DEGs upregulated in BAs across brain regions, we found the cyan module (enriched for response to virus) for the caudate nucleus; the pink module (enriched for wound healing and cell migration) for the dentate gyrus; the saddle brown module (enriched for cellular response to viruses) for the DLPFC; and the yellow module (enriched for cilium movement and assembly) for the hippocampus (Supplementary Fig. 7a and Supplementary Data 4). In contrast, when we examined the most significantly enriched modules for ancestry-associated DEGs downregulated in proportion to BAs across brain regions, we found the green yellow module (enriched for inflammatory response) for the caudate nucleus; the saddle brown module (enriched for immune response) for the dentate gyrus; the pink module (enriched for immune response) for the DLPFC; and the blue module (enriched for immune response) for the hippocampus (Supplementary Fig. 7b and Supplementary Data 4). Although the caudate nucleus and DLPFC showed modules enriched for the immune response for both directions of effect, the most significantly enriched non-gray module (two-sided Fisher’s exact
