We used the Achenbach (1991a, 1991b) program to generate T scores for internalizing and externalizing problems (scores are standardized by sex). Consistent with other research using the CBCL (Calkins, Graziano, & Keane, 2007; Zahn-Waxler et al., 1994) and with Achenbach’s (1991b) manual, a T score of 60 was considered the borderline clinical cutoff (Achenbach, 1991a, p. 81, 1991b; a score of 70 is the clinical level). Achenbach’s program (which is based on using all the items) was used to calculate the T scores. Children at this score or higher are much more likely to be referred for clinical services than children scoring below this cutoff, and using the borderline level provides better prediction of clinical status than does using the clinical level (i.e., 70; Achenbach, 1991a, 1991b). Scores of 60 and above were used to classify children into one of the four groups. Children with T scores below 60 on both the internalizing and externalizing scales were considered controls (CONT), those with scores above 59 on just the internalizing scale were considered internalizers (INT), those with scores above 59 on
